Basil (Ocimum basilicum) is a warm weather annual herb grown for both its leaves and seeds. There are many varieties of basil including Sweet, Thai, Lemon, Genovese/Italian, Purple Leaf, and Tulsi or Holy Basil. Growing techniques are common for most, although African Blue Basil is grown as a tender perennial and can be overwintered with care.
How to grow
- Type: Summer annual
- Light: Full sun; late afternoon shade is okay
- Soil: Well amended soil, good drainage
- Water: Needs regular watering, likes moist soil. Mulch the soil to retain moisture
- Size: 8 to 24 inches high, 8 to 12 inches wide, depending on variety
When to plant/propagate
Basil leaves are tender and are damaged by temperatures below 40°F. Wait until the weather is thoroughly warm before planting outdoors.
- From seed: Sow seeds indoors six weeks prior to transplant, March to May. Not usually seeded directly in the garden.
- Transplants: Plant seedlings from April to June when the soil is well warmed, and the danger of frost has passed.
- Cuttings: Basil can be rooted from cuttings. In particular, African Blue Basil does not produce viable seeds, so it must be propagated by cuttings taken in the late summer and overwintered in a warm location.
Harvesting
- For tender leaves, harvest frequently to encourage new growth and to prevent flowers from developing. Pinch off any flowers that do develop.
- For seeds or for attracting beneficial insects, allow flowers to develop.
Indoors
- Basil can be grown as an indoor plant in a south-facing window with a minimum of 6 hours of sunlight or fluorescent lights 6 inches above the plants for 14 to 16 hours a day
- Harvesting can begin in about 4 to 5 weeks
Common pests & diseases
Video
Growing great basil [1 hr]
More information
Garden Notes: Basil, UC Cooperative Extension, Sacramento County Master Gardeners
Recommended Varieties for Santa Clara County*
See our list of Spring Garden Fair Herbs for varieties that we have found perform well here.
*Many other varieties may also do well here in Santa Clara County. This list is based on UC Master Gardener trials, taste tests, and feedback from local growers.