- (Focus Area) Health
- Author: Jill Santos
The best time to plant a tree was 20 years ago. The second-best time is now.
– Chinese Proverb
What is your happiest memory that involves trees? Hopefully, most of those memories are positive. Trees provide a multitude of benefits that are hard to overlook. Reflecting on happy memories involving trees often evokes a sense of joy and wonder. These towering guardians not only serve as the backdrop to cherished moments but also provide an array of invaluable benefits.
However, in regions like the Western United States, escalating wildfire risks loom large, burdening homeowners with soaring insurance costs and stringent fuel reduction mandates. Balancing the delicate interface between natural landscapes and urban expansion becomes increasingly intricate, especially when community priorities diverge. As residential areas extend into undeveloped territories, trees, whether vibrant or ailing, transition from assets to potential hazards, underscoring humanity's profound dependence on their presence despite the associated challenges.
Trees are essential components of our daily lives, providing a multitude of human health benefits that we often take for granted. Regardless of whether they thrive in lush forests or line bustling urban boulevards, trees also offer a plethora of environmental advantages. Currently, forest ecosystems are the largest land-based carbon sink on earth. Forests in the U.S. alone offset about 16 percent of annual greenhouse gas emissions. Ninety percent of Americans support tree planting as a climate change mitigation measure.
Trees are also an essential component to ecological systems. They produce oxygen, sequester carbon, lower surface temperatures, control erosion, mitigate stormwater runoff, enhance habitat and biodiversity, contribute to urban cooling, provide food and fiber, promote social-emotional well-being, and perhaps most importantly, provide beauty to the landscape. Trees also boost property values and can even attract shoppers to urban centers.
Amidst a global population surge and escalating food demands, rampant deforestation threatens nearly half of our planet's forests. This perilous trend undermines crucial opportunities for carbon sequestration, allowing emissions from vehicles, industries, and other sources to persist unchecked. Moreover, the absence of verdant canopies in urban landscapes exacerbates the formation of heat islands, posing serious public health risks.
Deciding what tree to plant where can be challenge for some. Some (native) trees are not adapted to urban environments, while others may drop leaves, flowers, fruit, or branches, push up sidewalks, require frequent pruning, become invasive or have other undesirable characteristics. Municipal tree maintenance programs are costly and even controversial in some communities.
The Urban Forest Ecosystems Institute at Cal Poly is a tree information site with "features to assist in narrowing down site conditions, watering needs, and phenological characteristics. The “Select a Tree" feature assists users in choosing a tree with desired characteristics suited to a particular location.
I personally cannot imagine a life without them. As stewards of the environment, it's imperative that we recognize the indispensable role trees play in sustaining life and take concerted action to protect and nurture them for generations to come.
Stay tuned for the upcoming UC Thelma Hansen Symposium webinar series “Trees to the Rescue: Solutions for Climate Change” on May 14-16, 2024. To register, please click here. UC ANR Cooperative Extension of Ventura County will host a virtual Tree Symposium on May 14-16, 2024. To register, please click here.
Green Tip (s) Related to Trees
- Visit the Arbor Day Foundation website to learn about all things related to trees
- Follow some of these ideas from the National Forest Foundation, to inspire others to love trees, especially young children
- Looking for a family-friendly adventure? Check out these guided opportunities with TreePeople LA.
- More local to Ventura County, the Ventura Tree Alliance host various events throughout the year related to urban forestry and community resilience.
- Author: Kathy Keatley Garvey
Chow, an associate professor in the Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, will discuss "Flying to the Clinic: Drug Repurposing Screen for Rare Diseases" at 4:10 p.m. in 122 Briggs Hall and also via Zoom.
The Zoom link:
https://ucdavis.zoom.us/j/9 5882849672
"Dr. Chow's research has made a tremendous impact on the lives of patients with rare diseases as well as their families and caretakers," said molecular geneticist and physicist Joanna Chiu, professor and chair of the Department of Entomology and Nematology. "His research program provides a shining example of how one can leverage many of the advantages of the Drosophila fly model to investigate molecular mechanisms disrupted in human diseases and efficiently translate that to medical interventions andFDA-approved drugs." The Chiu lab is hosting the seminar.
Professor Chow says in his abstract: "Our lab is focused on understanding the role of genetic variation on disease outcomes. We employ quantitative and functional tools, in a variety of model organisms, to study how genetic variation impacts basic cellular traits important to human health. Our work in model organisms will help to model and inform studies of genetic variation in the human population. We hope to identify variation that can lead to more precise, personalized therapies, especially for rare disease."
He and his research team "leverage the powerful genetic tools available in the fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster) to build and study models of rare diseases," according to research news published on the University of Utah website. "The Chow lab has developed a fly model of NGLY1 deficiency, providing many new insights into the biology underlying this devastating autosomal recessive, genetic disorder."
"Using the fly model, the Chow lab discovered NGLY1 deficiency results in the absence of a sugar known as GlcNAc, which is important for different cellular processes," Martha Davis wrote in the news story. "When provided with a dietary GlcNAC supplement, flies with NGLY1 deficiency are healthier and live longer, suggesting this supplement may help NGLY1 patients...The Chow lab hopes to continue to translate basic science research of rare diseases to the clinic. The generosity of donors like the Might Family make this type of work possible. The Might family supports this research in hope that someday a treatment, or even a cure, will be found for NGLY1 deficiency."
Chow expanded on his fruit fly research on a University of Utah website heralding Academia in Action: Treating Patients as Individuals. "Because the fruit fly is small, cheap and fast, we can do massive experiments that people in mouse labs can only dream of. We take a model of a particular rare disease, and we cross it into a couple hundred different genetic backgrounds in the flies. What that gives us is basically a number of fly strains that you can think of as different individuals with different genetic backgrounds, all with the same disorder.”
D. melanogaster is widely used for biological research in genetics, physiology, microbial pathogenesis, and life history evolution. "As of 2017, six Nobel Prizes have been awarded to drosophilists for their work using the insect," according to Wikipedia.
Chow received his bachelor's degree in biology, neurobiology and behavior from Cornell University in 2003. He completed his Ph.D. in human genetics in 2008 in the Department of Human Genetics at the University of Michigan, where he worked with Miriam Meisler. He completed his postdoctoral training as a co-mentored postdoc with Andy Clark and Mariana Wolfner at Cornell University.
For any technical Zoom issues, contact seminar coordinator Brian Johnson at brnjohnson@ucdavis.edu. The full list of spring seminars is here.
- Author: Pamela S Kan-Rice
Modifying Farm Bill could reduce barriers to SNAP for students and improve nutrition
Inadequate access to food can harm college students' health and academic performance. A recent University of California research study in the Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior investigated why UC students who are eligible for the federal Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) – the nation's largest food assistance program – do not receive the benefit.
“Based on our study findings, eliminating the extra requirements for college students to qualify for SNAP would go a long way in ensuring that more eligible students get the support they need to meet their basic food needs,” said study coauthor Lorrene Ritchie, director of the UC Nutrition Policy Institute, which is part of UC Agriculture and Natural Resources.
A 2015 study by NPI found four in 10 UC students didn't have enough money to buy sufficient food for a healthy lifestyle. To promote better health, UC has taken steps to ensure students are aware of SNAP, established campus food pantries and other basic needs resources.
"In California, SNAP is known as CalFresh and despite policies and communication to improve college students' access to CalFresh, participation remains low, with approximately 78% of those eligible not receiving benefits," said lead study author Suzanna M. Martinez, associate professor in the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics at UC San Francisco.
For insight on why low-income UC students aren't receiving the benefits, Martinez, Ritchie and colleagues at UC San Francisco and Nutrition Policy Institute consulted county agencies that process student CalFresh applications. The researchers interviewed county staff in nine counties that are home to UC campuses: Alameda, Los Angeles, Merced, Orange, Riverside, San Francisco, Santa Barbara, Santa Cruz and Yolo.
While CalFresh benefits have mainly been paid by the federal government through the Farm Bill, counties contribute and county agencies are responsible for implementing policies, determining eligibility, processing applications and distributing funds.
“With the Farm Bill still up for reauthorization, these findings could provide insight into how to strengthen SNAP policy related to eligible students,” Martinez said.
The researchers conducted focus groups and interviews with county staff to determine how agency workers interpret the complex criteria for students to meet CalFresh eligibility.
Their questions focused on how students' applications differed from those of community members, steps taken when processing student applications, student-specific training and suggested improvements to the process.
Five central themes were identified in the interviews:
- More consistent policy dissemination and program administration is needed
- Student exemptions and the application process are perceived as challenges for students
- Key supports for successful student applications include carefully reviewing applications for potential exemptions, providing useful resources to students, and campus partnerships
- Tracking policy changes is burdensome
- Eliminating student rules and treating students as regular clients would be more equitable
The researchers found that CalFresh rules are challenging for students as well as the county agency staff.
Also, eligibility requirements, written over 50 years ago, are based on the assumption that college students are supported by middle-class families.
The research supports simplifying the student CalFresh process to increase participation for eligible students, especially for historically underrepresented racial and ethnic groups and low-income students for whom equitable access to CalFresh benefits is critical.
“Once students get confused or don't know what they need to do, they don't follow through with their application,” one CalFresh eligibility worker told the researchers.
During the COVID-19 pandemic, some federal and state requirements were waived or relaxed for students.
“The timing of this study resulted in a natural experiment since COVID-19-related SNAP modifications streamlined the student application process and reduced administrative burden,” Martinez noted. “These modifications alleviated some challenges discussed by county workers, confirming existing opinions to eliminate the student rules.”
Ritchie said, “We hope our research informs policy to remove some of the barriers so students no longer have as much difficulty getting the food they need.”
This study was funded by the California State Legislature, which provided funding to the University of California to address students' basic needs (UC Basic Needs Initiative).
/h3>- Author: Ricardo A. Vela
UC ANR volunteers are estimated to make about 2 million public contacts annually (data prior to COVID-19) through activities where they promote research-based information from UC ANR experts.
Since 2018, one of UC ANR's goals has been for academics to develop and manage projects that allow volunteers to lead, with the intention of strengthening volunteer engagement.
Miner emphasized that the search for volunteers is continuous. However, due to the diversity of UC ANR's state programs and the strategic locations of UC Cooperative Extension, attracting the right people is not a difficult task.
But who are the right people to volunteer at UC ANR?
The ideal candidate is any adult willing to contribute to improve the lives of Californians. "Collaborating with UC ANR is a lot of fun and rewarding, as you have the opportunity to return to the community what it has given us and often help families who desperately need some support," said Miner.
Volunteering challenges
As the population in California moves from rural to urban areas, low-income families face disadvantaged situations. As a result, 6.8 million people live below the poverty level. This represents 1 in 6 California residents.
Latinos are one ethnic group hit harder by this problem. In California, 40% of the population is of Latino origin, yet the economic and social disparity is a sad reality for many of these families. Latinos comprise 51.4% of the population living
below the poverty level, which is why UC ANR maintains as one of its objectives to help these families through the available programs. To successfully achieve this objective, it is vital to have volunteers who are not only bilingual but also bicultural.
Juan Jiménez and his wife Michele are two of thousands of volunteers who collaborate with UC ANR. Both participate in the 4-H youth development program in Riverside County. They know the importance of being bilingual and bicultural. They also know firsthand the reward of volunteering. "Volunteering makes me feel human and that I'm contributing to the community and my family," Juan said.
For Michele, volunteering for the community she lives in is natural. “Since I was a child, I have been a volunteer; my parents instilled in me the service to our community, our church,” she said. “To me, it is a very normal and satisfying thing.”
Every year in April, not-for-profit organizations everywhere in the country celebrate and recognize the work of those tireless people who dedicate their free time to the benefit of others. UC ANR joins them, and from the bottom of our hearts, we say:
Thank you, Volunteers!
- Author: Brianna Aguayo Villalon
- Editor: Lorrene Ritchie
- Contributor: Marisa M Tsai
The Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children, known as WIC, offers nutrition support to diverse populations. The Cash Value Benefit (CVB) for fruits and vegetables, is a key component of the WIC food packages that accommodates diverse cultural, racial, and ethnic preferences by offering flexibility in fruit and vegetable choices. In response to exacerbated health disparities and decreased food security during the COVID-19 pandemic, the US Department of Agriculture increased the CVB from $9 per month per child to the current amount of $26 per month per child. Study researchers assessed the impact of CVB augmentation on CVB redemption, household food security, fruit and vegetable intake, and satisfaction among participating caretakers in California's WIC program by race and ethnicity. A prospective cohort study across three survey waves from pre-augmentation to post-augementation among a diverse sample of participating caregivers was conducted. Study results demonstrated significant improvements in CVB redemption, household food security, and satisfaction across all racial and ethnic groups following the increases in CVB. Larger increases in satisfaction were found among non-Hispanic Black, and Hispanic English-speaking participants compared to other groups. Researchers suggest that continued augmentation of CVB, and further research into factors influencing CVB redemption and its effects on WIC participation could help improve health outcomes across the diverse WIC population. The study was conducted by Nutrition Policy Institute researchers Marisa Tsai and Lorrene Ritchie, Christopher Anderson, Shannon Whaley, and Catherine Yepez from Public Health Foundation Enterprises (PHFE)-WIC, and Lauren Au from the Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis.